Grace period
The window after a domain's expiration during which the registrant can still renew at the regular price. Typically 30-45 days for gTLDs.
After grace
Redemption period (~30 days) — domain can still be recovered but at a steep fee ($80-$200+).
After redemption
Pending delete (5 days) — registry is preparing to release the name. Recovery impossible at this stage; the only path back is winning the drop-catch.